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Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Superficial Anterior Neck
Platysma Superficial fascia over upper part of deltoid & pectoralis major Mandible; skin & muscles over mandible & angle of mouth Depresses lower jaw & lip & angle of mouth; wrinkles skin of neck Facial nerve (CN-VII)
sternocleidomastoid sternal head: manubrium of sternum; clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle mastoid process of temporal bone; lateral 1/2 of superior nuchal line rotates to side opposite of contraction; laterally flexes to contracted side; bilaterally flexes neck motor: spinal accessory (XI cranial); sensory: ventral rami of C2,(C3)
Suprahyoid Muscles
Digastric Anterior belly from digastric fossa of mandible; posterior belly from mastoid notch Intermediate tendon attached to body of hyoid Elevates hyoid & tongue; depresses mandible Posterior belly by facial nerve; anterior belly by mylohyoid nerve or trigeminal nerve
Mylohyoid Mylohyoid line of mandible Median raphe & body of hyoid bone Elevates hyoid & tongue; depresses mandible Mylohyoid nerve or trigeminal nerve
Stylohyoid Styloid process Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid Facial nerve
Geniohyoid Genial tubercle of mandible Body of hyoid Elevates hyoid & tongue C1 via hypoglossal nerve
Infrahyoid Muscles
Sternohyoid Manubrium sterni & medial end of clavicle Body of hyoid Depresses hyoid & larynx Ansa cervicalis
Sternothyroid Manubrium sterni; first costal cartilage Oblique line of thyroid cartilage Depresses thyroid cartilage & larynx Ansa cervicalis
Thyrohyoid Oblique line of thyroid cartilage Body & greater horn of hyoid Depresses & retracts hyoid & larynx C1 via hypogloassal nerve
Omohyoid Inferior belly from medial lip of suprascapular notch & suprascapular ligament; superior belly from intermediate tendon Inferior belly to intermediate tendon; superior belly to body of hyoid Depresses & retracts hyoid & larynx Ansa cervicalis
Deep Anterior Cervical Muscles (prevertebrals)
longus coli lower anterior vertebral bodies & TP of C3-T3 anterior vertebral bodies & TP C1-C6 flexion & lateral flexion of neck; rotation of neck cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami C2-C6)
longus capitis TP of C3-C5 (anterior tubercles) occipital bone (basilar portion) flexion of head & neck; lateral flexion of head & neck cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami C1-C3)
rectus capitis anterior atlas (C1) (anterior base of TP) occipital bone (basilar part anterior to foramen magnum) flexion of head cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami C1-C2)
rectus capitis lateralis atlas (C1) (superior surface of TP) occipital bone (jugular process) lateral flexion of head cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami C1-C2)
Scalenes (paravertebrals)
scalene anterior TP of C3-C6 (anterior tubercles) 1st rib (scalene tubercle) flexion & lateral flexion of neck; rotation of neck (weakly); elevation of 1st rib (if neck is stabilized) cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami C3-C6)
scalene middle TP C2-C7 (posterior tubercle) 1st rib (behind anterior scalene) flexion & lateral flexion of neck; elevation of 1st rib (if cervical vertebrae are fixed) cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami C3-C8)
scalene posterior TP of C5-C7 (posterior tubercles) 2nd and/or 3rd rib lateral flexion of neck; elevation of 2nd rib (if cervical vertebrae are fixed) cervical spinal nerves (ventral rami C6-C8)
scalenus minimus TP C6-C7 (anterior tubercles) 1st rib and/or supraplural membrane flexion & lateral flexion of neck; rotation of neck (weakly); elevation of 2nd rib & superior pleura of lung (if neck is stabilized) variable (cervical & brachial plexus)

(c)Dr. Nikita Vizniak. All Rights ReservedIn order to use these tables as a learning tool, you will need to have JavaScript enabled.

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