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Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Erector Spinae Group
iliocostalis lumborum: medial iliac crest & sacrum
thoracis: angle of ribs 7-12
cervicis: angle of ribs 3-6
lumborum: angle of ribs 7-12
thoracis: angle of ribs 1-6
cervicis: TPs of C3-C6
bilateral: extension of the spine (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization dorsal rami of spinal nerves
longissimus thoracis: iliac crest, posterior sacrum, TPs L1-L5
cervicis: TPs of T1-T5
capitis: TPs & articular processes of C5-C7 & TPs of T1-T4
thoracis: TPs of T1-12 & ribs 4-12 (medial to tubercle)
cervicis: TPs & posterior tubercles of C2-C6
capitis: temporal bone (mastoid process)
bilateral: extension of the spine & head (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization dorsal rami of spinal nerves
spinalis thoracis: SPs T11-L2
cervicis: SP of C7 & inferior nuchal ligament
capitis: TPs of C7-T6 & articular process of C4-C6 (medial part of semispinalis)
thoracis: SPs of T4-T8
cervicis: SP of C2
capitis: occipital bone (considered to be the medial part of semispinalis)
bilateral: extension of the spine & head (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Transversospinalis Group
semispinalis thoracis: TPs of T6-T10
cervicis: TPs of T1-T5
capitis: TPs of C7-T6 & articular process of C4-C6
thoracis: SPs of C6-T4
cervicis: SPs of C2-C5
capitis: occipital bone (between superior & inferior nuchal lines)
bilateral: extension of head & neck; controls lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability); maintains head posture spinal nerve (dorsal rami)
multifidus lumbar: mamillary processes of L1-L5 (not TPs)
thoracic: TP of T1-T12
cervical: articular processes of C4-C7 (not TPs)
SPs of all vertebrae extending from L5 – C2, 3-4 segments above the origin bilateral: extension of vertebral column (trunk & neck); unilateral: rotate vertebral bodies (column) to opposite side; control lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability) spinal nerve (dorsal rami)
rotatores transverse processes of C3-L5 (most developed in thoracic spine) spinous process (base) & lamina 1-2 segments above origin rotation to opposite side, bilateral extension; stabilize vertebra & are involved as organs of proprioception (position sense of the spine due to the large number of sensory nerve fibers in these tiny muscles) spinal nerve (dorsal rami)
Other deep group muscles
quadratus lumborum 12th rib (inferior border) & TPs of L1-L4 posterior iliac crest & iliolumbar ligament elevation of pelvis; lateral flexion of trunk; depression of 12th rib lumbar plexus (T12-L3)
interspinalis SP of vertebrae SP of vertebrae above extension of neck & trunk dorsal rami of spinal nerves
intertransversarii TP of vertebrae TP of vertebrae above lateral flexion of neck & trunk dorsal rami of spinal nerves
levator costarum TPs C7-T11 (posterior lateral tip) ribs 1-12 (below the TP) elevation of ribs (inspiration) dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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