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Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
gluteus maximusHT AN Gluteus Maximus 001 posterior iliac crest, sacrum & coccyx & sacrotuberous ligament iliotibial band (ITB) & gluteal tuberosity of femur extension of thigh (at hip); lateral rotation of thigh; upper fibers assist abduction of thigh, lower fiber assist in adduction; posterior pelvic tilt (at hip joint); fibers of IT band stabilize a fully extended knee inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
gluteus mediusHT AN Gluteus Medius 001 outer ilium (between anterior & posterior gluteal lines) greater trochanter (superior & lateral surface) abduction of thigh (at hip joint); flexion & medial rotation of thigh (anterior fibers); lateral rotation & extension of thigh (posterior fibers); stabilizes pelvis & prevents free limb from sagging during gait superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
gluteus minimusHT AN Gluteus Minimus 001 outer ilium (between anterior & inferior gluteal lines) greater trochanter (anterior surface) abduction of thigh (at hip joint); medial rotation & flexion of thigh (anterior fibers); lateral rotation & extension (posterior fibers); stabilizes pelvis & prevents free limb from dropping during gait superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Short Lateral Rotators
piriformisHT AN Piriformis 001 anterior sacrum (occasionally sacrotuberous ligament) greater trochanter (superiomedial surface) lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); abduction of flexed thigh nerve to piriformis (L5, S1, S2)
superior gemellusHT AN Gemellus_Sup-Inf ischial spine greater trochanter (medial surface) lateral rotation of femur; abduction of thigh when hip is flexed nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
obturator internusHT AN Obturator Internus internal aspect of obturator foramen & obturator membrane greater trochanter (medial aspect) lateral rotation of femur; abduction of thigh when hip is flexed nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
inferior gemellusHT AN Gemellus_Sup-Inf ischial tuberosity (superior aspect) greater trochanter (medial surface & intertrochanteric crest) lateral rotation of femur; abduction of thigh when hip is flexed nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)
quadratus femorisHT AN Quadratus Femoris 001 ischial tuberosity (lateral aspect) intertrochanteric crest of femur lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); adduction of thigh (weak) nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)
obturator externusHT AN Obturator Externus obturator foramen & obturator membrane (external surface) trochanteric fossa of femur lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); adduction of thigh (weak) obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
 
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Hamstring muscle Group
biceps femorisHT AN Biceps Femoris 001 long head: ischial tuberosity; short head: lateral lip of linea aspera head of fibula (occasionally to lateral tibial condyle) flexion at knee (both long & short head); extension of thigh at hip joint (long head); laterally rotation of leg when the knee is flexed long head: sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2); short head: sciatic nerve, common peroneal division (S1, S2)
semimembranosusHT AN Semimembranosus 001 ischial tuberosity posterior medial aspect of medial tibial condyle flexion of leg (at knee joint); extension of thigh (at hip joint); medial rotation of tibia (with knee flexed) sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
semitendinosusHT AN Semitendinosus 001 ischial tuberosity proximal anteromedial tibia (pes anserine) flexion of leg (at knee joint); extension of thigh (at hip joint); medial rotation of tibia (with knee flexed) sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
 
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
sartoriusHT AN Sartorius 001 anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) proximal anteromedial tibia (pes anserine) flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of thigh (at hip joint); flexion of leg (at knee joint); anterior pelvic tilt femoral nerve (L2, L3)
tensor fascia lataeHT AN Tensor Fascia Lata anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) & anterior aspect of iliac crest iliotibial band (below greater trochanter) flexion, abduction & medial rotation of thigh (at hip joint); tenses iliotibial band to support femur on tibia during standing superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Quadriceps Muscle Group
rectus femorisHT AN Rectus Intermedius anterior head: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS); posterior head: just superior to rim of acetabulum (supra-acetabular groove) tibial tuberosity (via common quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament) extension of leg (at knee joint); flexion of thigh (at hip joint) femoral nerve (L2 ,L3, L4)
vastus medialisHT AN Vastus Medialis 001 medial lip of linea aspera (intertrochanteric line) tibial tuberosity (via common quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament) extension of leg (at knee joint) femoral nerve (L2 ,L3, L4)
vastus intermediusHT AN Vastus Intermedius 001 anterior lateral surface of femur tibial tuberosity (via common quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament) extension of leg (at knee joint) femoral nerve (L2 ,L3, L4)
vastus lateralisHT AN Vastus Lateralis 001 lateral lip of linea aspera (also intertrochanteric line & lateral intermuscular septum) tibial tuberosity (via common quadriceps tendon & patellar ligament) extension of leg (at knee joint) femoral nerve (L2 ,L3, L4)
articularis genusKN AN Articularis Genu distal anterior femur (superior to knee) knee joint capsule (synovial membrane) pulls knee joint capsule superior with knee extension; prevents impingement of synovial membrane between patella & femur femoral nerve (L3, L4)
 
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
gracilisHT AN Gracillis 001 body & inferior ramus of pubis proximal anteromedial tibia (pes anserine) adduction & flexion of thigh (at hip joint); flexion & medial rotation of leg (at knee joint) obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
pectineusHT AN Pectineus 001 pectineal line of pubis (superior pubic ramus) pectineal line of femur; (just below lesser trochanter on posterior aspect of femur) adduction & flexion of thigh (at hip joint) femoral nerve (L2, L3) or obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) or both
adductor brevisHT AN Adductor Longus Brevis body & inferior ramus of pubis medial lip of linea aspera (superior 1/3 of femur) adduction & flexion of thigh (at hip joint); lateral rotation of thigh obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
adductor longusHT AN Adductor Longus Brevis anterior surface of pubis (just inferior to pubic tubercle) medial lip of linea aspera (middle 1/3 of femur) adduction & flexion of thigh (at hip joint); lateral rotation thigh obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
adductor magnusHT AN Adductor Magnus 001 anterior head (adductor part): inferior pubic ramus & ischial ramus; posterior head (hamstring part): ischial tuberosity anterior head: linea aspera; posterior head: adductor tubercle of femur (above medial epicondyle) adduction & extension of thigh (at hip joint); laterally rotation of thigh (anterior head) anterior head: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4); posterior head: sciatic nerve, tibial division (L4, L5)
(c)Dr. Nikita Vizniak. All Rights ReservedIn order to use these tables as a learning tool, you will need to have JavaScript enabled.

These muscle tables are often slightly different than those found in the muscle manual and other texts to allow students learning to realize there are subtle differences in anatomical variation and nomenclature ultimate allowing you to be more aware of real life presentation – after 15 years and over 400 cadaver dissections this author is always amazed at the differences found in the human body every time we are in the cadaver lab – all text books and videos are only accurate to a point!

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