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Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Superficial Posterior Compartment:
gastrocnemius medial head: above medial condyle of femur (posterior surface); lateral head: above lateral condyle of femur (posterior surface) calcaneus (via calcaneal or Achilles tendon) plantar flexion of foot; knee flexion (when not weight bearing); inversion of foot (weak) tibial nerve (S1, S2)
soleus soleal line of tibia & proximal 1/3 of fibula calcaneus (via calcaneal or Achilles tendon) plantar flexion of foot; inversion of foot (weak) tibial nerve (S1, S2)
plantaris distal posterolateral femur (above lateral head of gastrocnemius) calcaneus (via calcaneal or Achilles tendon) plantar flexion of foot; knee flexion tibial nerve (S1, S2)
Deep Posterior Compartment:
popliteus lateral femoral condyle proximal posterior tibia (medial side above soleal line) unlocks knee (from extended position); lateral rotation of femur on tibia or medial rotation tibia on femur; flexion of knee (weak) tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
tibialis posterior posterior proximal 2/3 of tibia, interosseous membrane & fibula fans out over plantar surface of foot (navicular, all 3 cuneiforms, 2nd-4th metatarsals, cuboid & calcaneus) plantar flexion & inversion of foot tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
flexor digitorum longus posterior middle 1/3 of tibia base of distal phalanges #2-#5 (plantar surface) flexion of 2nd-5th toes; plantar flexion & inversion of foot (weak) tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
flexor hallucis longus posterior inferior 2/3 of fibula & interosseous membrane distal phalanx of big toe (plantar surface) flexion of big toe (hallux); plantar flexion & inversion of foot (weak) tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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