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Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
trapezius external occipital protuberance (EOP); medial side of superior nuchal line; nuchal ligament; SPs of C7-T12 lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula stabilization of scapula; elevation scapula; upward rotation of scapula (upper fibers); downward rotation of scapula (lower fibers); retraction (adduction) of scapula; lateral flexion of head (unilateral); extension of head (bilateral) spinal accessory (CN XI), ventral rami of C2-C4
latissimus dorsi SP T7-L5; thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; posterior sacrum, ribs 9-12; inferior angle of scapula (occasionally) medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus adduction, medial rotation & extension of humerus; anterior pelvic tilt, elevation of pelvis; depression of scapula; downward rotation of scapula thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
levator scapulae TP of C1-C4 medial border of scapula (superior part) elevation of scapula; extension & lateral flexion of neck dorsal scapular nerve (C3, C4, C5)
rhomboid major SPs of T2-T5; supraspinous ligament medial border of scapula from scapular spine to inferior angle retraction (adduction) of scapula; elevation & downward rotation of scapula dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
rhomboid minor SPs of C7 & T1; ligamentum nuchae; supraspinous ligament medial border of scapula (medial angle/root of spine) retraction (adduction) of scapula; elevation & downward rotation of scapula dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)
serratus posterior inferior SPs of T11-L2 ribs 9-12 (inferior external border) depression of ribs intercostal & sub costal nerves
serratus posterior superior SPs of C7-T3 ribs 2-5 (superior external border) elevation of ribs intercostal & sub costal nerves

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