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abdominals vizniak

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Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
latissimus dorsiTS AN Latissimus Dorsi 001 SP T7-L5; thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; posterior sacrum, ribs 9-12; inferior angle of scapula (occasionally) medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus adduction, medial rotation & extension of humerus; anterior pelvic tilt, elevation of pelvis; depression of scapula; downward rotation of scapula thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)
Erector Spinae Group
iliocostalisTS AN Iliocostalis lumborum: medial iliac crest & sacrum thoracis: angle of ribs 7-12 cervicis: angle of ribs 3-6 lumborum: angle of ribs 7-12 thoracis: angle of ribs 1-6 cervicis: TPs of C3-C6 bilateral: extension of the spine (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization dorsal rami of spinal nerves
longissimusTS AN Longissimus thoracis: iliac crest, posterior sacrum, TPs L1-L5 cervicis: TPs of T1-T5 capitis: TPs & articular processes of C5-C7 & TPs of T1-T4 thoracis: TPs of T1-12 & ribs 4-12 (medial to tubercle) cervicis: TPs & posterior tubercles of C2-C6 capitis: temporal bone (mastoid process) bilateral: extension of the spine & head (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization dorsal rami of spinal nerves
spinalisTS AN Spinalis thoracis: SPs T11-L2 cervicis: SP of C7 & inferior nuchal ligament capitis: TPs of C7-T6 & articular process of C4-C6 (medial part of semispinalis) thoracis: SPs of T4-T8 cervicis: SP of C2 capitis: occipital bone (considered to be the medial part of semispinalis) bilateral: extension of the spine & head (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization dorsal rami of spinal nerves
Transversospinalis Group
semispinalisTS AN Semispinalis thoracis: TPs of T6-T10 cervicis: TPs of T1-T5 capitis: TPs of C7-T6 & articular process of C4-C6 thoracis: SPs of C6-T4 cervicis: SPs of C2-C5 capitis: occipital bone (between superior & inferior nuchal lines) bilateral: extension of head & neck; controls lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability); maintains head posture spinal nerve (dorsal rami)
multifidusTS AN Multifidi lumbar: mamillary processes of L1-L5 (not TPs) thoracic: TP of T1-T12 cervical: articular processes of C4-C7 (not TPs) SPs of all vertebrae extending from L5 - C2, 3-4 segments above the origin bilateral: extension of vertebral column (trunk & neck); unilateral: rotate vertebral bodies (column) to opposite side; control lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability) spinal nerve (dorsal rami)
rotatoresTS AN Rotatores transverse processes of C3-L5 (most developed in thoracic spine) spinous process (base) & lamina 1-2 segments above origin rotation to opposite side, bilateral extension; stabilize vertebra & are involved as organs of proprioception (position sense of the spine due to the large number of sensory nerve fibers in these tiny muscles) spinal nerve (dorsal rami)
Other deep group muscles
quadratus lumborumTS AN Quadratus Lumborum posterior iliac crest & iliolumbar ligament 12th rib (inferior border) & TPs of L1-L4 elevation of pelvis; lateral flexion of trunk; depression of 12th rib lumbar plexus (T12-L3)
interspinalisTS AN Interspinalis 001 SP of vertebrae SP of vertebrae above extension of neck & trunk dorsal rami of spinal nerves
intertransversariiTS AN Interspinalis 001 TP of vertebrae TP of vertebrae above lateral flexion of neck & trunk dorsal rami of spinal nerves
 
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
diaphragmTS AN Diaphragm_Deep_Colour 001 vertebral: crura from bodies of L1, 2 (left), L1-3 (right); costal part: medial & lateral arcuate ligaments, inner aspect of lower six ribs; sternal: two slips from post aspect of xiphoid central tendon of diaphragm (dome of diaphragm) inspiration (increases thoracic cavity volume); assists in raising intra-abdominal pressure (valsalva maneuver) phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
rectus abdominusTS AN Rectus Abdominus pubic crest & pubic symphysis costal cartilage of ribs #5-7 & xyphoid process flexion of trunk (at spinal joints); posterior pelvic tilt (at spinal joints); compression/stabilization of abdomen intercostal nerves (T5-T12)
external abdominal obliqueTS AN External Oblique anterior 1/2 of iliac crest, inguinal ligament, public tubercle/crest, & abdominal aponeurosis (rectus sheath) inferior border of ribs #5-12 flexion, lateral flexion & contralateral rotation of trunk (at spinal joints); posterior pelvic tilt (at spinal joints); compression/stabilization of abdomen intercostal nerves (T7-T12)
internal abdominal obliqueTS AN Internal Oblique iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia ribs #10-12 & abdominal aponeurosis (rectus sheath) flexion, lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation of trunk (at spinal joints); posterior tilt of pelvis (at lumbosacral joints); compression/stabilization of abdomen intercostal nerves (T7-L1)
transversus abdominusTS AN Transverse Abdominus iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia & lower costal cartilage abdominal aponeurosis (rectus sheath) compression/stabilization of abdomen intercostal nerves (T7-L1)
iliacusHT AN Iliacus 001 inner surface of upper iliac fossa & sacral ala lesser trochanter of femur (via iliopsoas tendon) flexion & lateral rotation of thigh (at hip); anterior pelvic tilt femoral nerve (L2, L3)
psoas majorHT AN Psoas TPs of L1-L5, vertebral bodies of T12-L5 & intervening intervertebral discs lesser trochanter of femur (via iliopsoas tendon) flexion & lateral rotation of thigh (at hip); flexion & lateral flexion of trunk (at spinal joints); anterior pelvic tilt (at hip joint) lumbar plexus ventral rami (L1, L2, L3)
psoas minorHT AN Psoas vertebral bodies of T12 & L1 & intervening intervertebral disc pectineal line of pubis & iliopubic eminence flexion of trunk (at spinal joints); posterior pelvic tilt (at spinal joints) ventral rami of L1
pyramidalis pubic crest (anterior to origin of rectus abdominus) lower linea alba tension of linea alba (reinforces lower rectus sheath) subcostal nerve (T12-L1)
 
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve
cremaster internal abdominal oblique & transversus abdominus muscles (inferior borders, in inguinal canal) loops around spermatic cord & tunica vaginalis & some fibers return to attach to public tubercle retraction or elevation of testis genitofemoral nerve (L1, 2)
dartos subcutaneous tissue of scrotum (superficial to superficial fascia) skin & midline fibrous septum of scrotum corrugates scrotal skin genitofemoral nerve (L1, 2) sympathetic fibers
deep transverse perinei ischiopubic ramus & body of ischium (medial aspect) midline raphe & perineal body supports pelvic viscera & fixes perineal body pudendal nerve (S2-S4) (perineal branch)
ischiocavernosus ischium & ischiopubic ramus (medial aspect) aponeurosis over crura of penis/clitoris stabilizes erect penis pudendal nerve (S2-S4) (perineal branch)
levator ani - coccygeus sacrospinous ligament anococcygeal body & coccyx supports pelvic viscera anterior primary rami (perineal branches of S4, S5)
levator ani - iliococcygeus ischial spine & posterior fascia over obturator internus anococcygeal body supports pelvic viscera anterior primary rami (perineal branches of S3, S4)
levator ani - pubococcygeus posterior pubis & anterior fascia over obturator internus anococcygeal body supports pelvic viscera anterior primary rami (perineal branches of S4, S5)
levator ani - puborectalis pubis (posterior surface) midline sling posterior to rectum supports & aids continence of rectum by maintaining anorectal angle anterior primary rami (perineal branches of S3, S4)
levator ani - pubovaginalis pubis (posterior surface) midline raphe posterior to vagina/prostate supports anterior pelvic viscera anterior primary rami (perineal branches of S3, S4)
bulbospongiosus perineal body (also midline raphe over corpus spongiosum in males) superficial perineal membrane & dorsal penile/clitoral aponeurosis males: aids emptying of urine & ejaculate from urethra; females: closes vaginal introitus pudendal nerve (S2-S4, perineal branches)
sphincter ani circular anatomical sphincter deep, superficial & subcutaneous portions maintains continence of feces pudendal nerve (S2-S4, inferior rectal branch)
sphincter urethra circular anatomical sphincter fuses with deep transverse perinei maintains continence of urine pudendal nerve (S2-S4, perineal branch)
superficial transverse perinei body of ischium perineal body fixes perineal body pudendal nerve (S2-S4, perineal branch)
(c)Dr. Nikita Vizniak. All Rights ReservedIn order to use these tables as a learning tool, you will need to have JavaScript enabled.

These muscle tables are often slightly different than those found in the muscle manual and other texts to allow students learning to realize there are subtle differences in anatomical variation and nomenclature ultimate allowing you to be more aware of real life presentation – after 15 years and over 400 cadaver dissections this author is always amazed at the differences found in the human body every time we are in the cadaver lab – all text books and videos are only accurate to a point!

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