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|
|
| Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Action |
Nerve |
| Superficial Posterior Neck |
trapezius
 |
external occipital protuberance (EOP); medial side of superior nuchal line; nuchal ligament; SPs of C7-T12 |
lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula |
stabilization of scapula; elevation scapula; upward rotation of scapula (upper fibers); downward rotation of scapula (lower fibers); retraction (adduction) of scapula; lateral flexion of head (unilateral); extension of head (bilateral) |
spinal accessory (CN XI), ventral rami of C2-C4 |
splenius capitis |
nuchal ligament (lower portion); SPs of C3-T4 |
mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone (superior nuchal line) |
bilateral contraction: extension of head & neck; unilateral contraction: rotation & lateral flexion of head & neck to ipsilateral side |
cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami) |
splenius cervicis |
SPs of T3-T6 |
TP of C1-C3 (posterior tubercles) |
bilateral contraction: extension of head & neck; unilateral contraction: rotation & lateral flexion of head & neck to ipsilateral side |
cervical spinal nerve (dorsal rami) |
levator scapulae |
TP of C1-C4 |
superior medial border of scapula |
elevation of scapula; extension & lateral flexion of neck |
dorsal scapular nerve (C3, C4, C5) |
|
|
| Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Action |
Nerve |
trapezius |
external occipital protuberance (EOP); medial side of superior nuchal line; nuchal ligament; SPs of C7-T12 |
lateral 1/3 of clavicle; acromion; spine of scapula |
stabilization of scapula; elevation scapula; upward rotation of scapula (upper fibers); downward rotation of scapula (lower fibers); retraction (adduction) of scapula; lateral flexion of head (unilateral); extension of head (bilateral) |
spinal accessory (CN XI), ventral rami of C2-C4 |
latissimus dorsi |
SP T7-L5; thoracolumbar fascia; iliac crest; posterior sacrum, ribs 9-12; inferior angle of scapula (occasionally) |
medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus |
adduction, medial rotation & extension of humerus; anterior pelvic tilt, elevation of pelvis; depression of scapula; downward rotation of scapula |
thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8) |
levator scapulae |
TP of C1-C4 |
medial border of scapula (superior part) |
elevation of scapula; extension & lateral flexion of neck |
dorsal scapular nerve (C3, C4, C5) |
rhomboids |
Major: SPs of T2-T5; supraspinous ligament
Minor: SPs of C7 & T1; ligamentum nuchae; supraspinous ligament |
medial border of scapula
Major: scapular spine to inferior angle
Minor: medial angle/root of spine |
retraction (adduction) of scapula; elevation & downward rotation of scapula |
dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5) |
serratus anterior
|
ribs 1- 9 (outer surface) |
costal surface of medial border of scapula |
protract (abducts) scapula; upward rotation of scapula; stabilizes scapula |
long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) |
serratus posterior inferior |
SPs of T11-L2 |
ribs 9-12 (inferior external border) |
depression of ribs |
intercostal & sub costal nerves |
serratus posterior superior |
SPs of C7-T3 |
ribs 2-5 (superior external border) |
elevation of ribs |
intercostal & sub costal nerves |
|
|
| Muscle |
Origin |
Insertion |
Action |
Nerve |
| Erector Spinae Group |
iliocostalis |
lumborum: medial iliac crest & sacrum
thoracis: angle of ribs 7-12
cervicis: angle of ribs 3-6 |
lumborum: angle of ribs 7-12
thoracis: angle of ribs 1-6
cervicis: TPs of C3-C6 |
bilateral: extension of the spine (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization |
dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
longissimus |
thoracis: iliac crest, posterior sacrum, TPs L1-L5
cervicis: TPs of T1-T5
capitis: TPs & articular processes of C5-C7 & TPs of T1-T4 |
thoracis: TPs of T1-12 & ribs 4-12 (medial to tubercle)
cervicis: TPs & posterior tubercles of C2-C6
capitis: temporal bone (mastoid process) |
bilateral: extension of the spine & head (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization |
dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
spinalis |
thoracis: SPs T11-L2
cervicis: SP of C7 & inferior nuchal ligament
capitis: TPs of C7-T6 & articular process of C4-C6 (medial part of semispinalis) |
thoracis: SPs of T4-T8
cervicis: SP of C2
capitis: occipital bone (considered to be the medial part of semispinalis) |
bilateral: extension of the spine & head (maintenance of erect posture); unilateral: lateral flexion & rotation to same side of the spine & head; opposite muscles contract eccentrically for stabilization |
dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
| Transversospinalis Group |
semispinalis |
thoracis: TPs of T6-T10
cervicis: TPs of T1-T5
capitis: TPs of C7-T6 & articular process of C4-C6 |
thoracis: SPs of C6-T4
cervicis: SPs of C2-C5
capitis: occipital bone (between superior & inferior nuchal lines) |
bilateral: extension of head & neck; controls lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability); maintains head posture |
spinal nerve (dorsal rami) |
multifidus |
lumbar: mamillary processes of L1-L5 (not TPs)
thoracic: TP of T1-T12
cervical: articular processes of C4-C7 (not TPs) |
SPs of all vertebrae extending from L5 - C2, 3-4 segments above the origin |
bilateral: extension of vertebral column (trunk & neck); unilateral: rotate vertebral bodies (column) to opposite side; control lateral flexion to side opposite contraction (eccentric for stability) |
spinal nerve (dorsal rami) |
rotatores |
transverse processes of C3-L5 (most developed in thoracic spine) |
spinous process (base) & lamina 1-2 segments above origin |
rotation to opposite side, bilateral extension; stabilize vertebra & are involved as organs of proprioception (position sense of the spine due to the large number of sensory nerve fibers in these tiny muscles) |
spinal nerve (dorsal rami) |
| Other deep group muscles |
quadratus lumborum |
posterior iliac crest & iliolumbar ligament |
12th rib (inferior border) & TPs of L1-L4 |
elevation of pelvis; lateral flexion of trunk; depression of 12th rib |
lumbar plexus (T12-L3) |
interspinalis |
SP of vertebrae |
SP of vertebrae above |
extension of neck & trunk |
dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
intertransversarii |
TP of vertebrae |
TP of vertebrae above |
lateral flexion of neck & trunk |
dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
levator costarum |
TPs C7-T11 (posterior lateral tip) |
ribs 1-12 (below the TP) |
elevation of ribs (inspiration) |
dorsal rami of spinal nerves |
(c)Dr. Nikita Vizniak. All Rights ReservedIn order to use these tables as a learning tool, you will need to have JavaScript enabled.
These muscle tables are often slightly different than those found in the muscle manual and other texts to allow students learning to realize there are subtle differences in anatomical variation and nomenclature ultimate allowing you to be more aware of real life presentation – after 15 years and over 400 cadaver dissections this author is always amazed at the differences found in the human body every time we are in the cadaver lab – all text books and videos are only accurate to a point!