Purpose: Identify patients with patellofemoral pain who are more likely to benefit from foot orthoses.
Rule:
Barton, et al:
1. Motion control properties (weighted mean) greater than 5.0
2. Usual pain greater than 2.2/10 (22.0 mm) on pain scale
3. Ankle dorsiflexion (knee flexed) greater than 41.3 degrees
4. Reduced pain during a single-leg squat with the foot orthoses
Vicenzino, et al:
1. Age over 25 years
2. Height less than 165 cm
3. Worst pain less than 5.3/10 (53 mm/100 mm) visual analogue scale
4. Mid-foot width difference greater than 10.96 mm
| Item | 2+ variable | 3+ variables |
| SN | ||
| SP | ||
| +LR | 2.2 | 10.1 |
| -LR | ||
| POS | ~60% | ~82% |
| NPV |
SN = sensitivity – ‘SnOut’ helps rule out a disease (higher number is better – >0.9 is excellent)
SP = Specificity – ‘SpIn’ helps rule in a disease (higher number is better – greater than 0.90 is excellent))
+LR = positive likelihood ratio – ratio of positive test results in a patients with the pathology (true positives) higher number is better (> 10 is excellent)
-LR = negative likelihood ratio – ratio of negative test results in a patients with the pathology (false negatives) lower number is better (< 0.1 is excellent)
POS = Probability of success – positive treatment outcome
References
1. Barton CJ, et al. Clinical predictors of foot orthoses efficacy in individuals with patellofemoral pain. Br J Sports Med. 2010; 44(12): 862-6.
2. Vicenzino B, et al. A clinical prediction rule for identifying patients with patellofemoral pain who are likely to benefit from foot orthoses: a preliminary determination. Br J Sports Med. 2010; 44(12): 862-6.
